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  New business of the ocean
Key word： Solar. Wind. Wave. Power generation. Distributed power. Marine. Ocean. Propulsion. Mega-Float. Ship. Raft. Smart Grid. Hydrogen. Ammonia. Storage. Transport. Natural energy. Renewable energy. Trade. Next generation energy. Security. Water. Fresh water. Fuel. Rare earth. Lithium. Battery. Mg. MgH2. Mg alloy. Climate change. Global warming. CO2. Global Environmental Renaissance. International economic homogenization. Activation. Clean technology. New business of the fishing port. Okinotorishima.

　1. The degradation of the earth. (Clean Technology)
　2. Not to waste. (Recycling of resources)
　3. Fuel into the water. (Next-generation energy)
　4. Transportation and storage of large amounts of energy.
　　　(Use the advanced magnesium)
　5. The realization of mega-floats. (Marine production base)
　6. Renewable energy trade. (The creation of new industries)

Only Bitter-salt（MgCl2） solves the problem "Energy / Environment" of the next generation. It is the world's greatest new industry.
The next generation of energy needs to be environmentally friendly and renewable
as well as safe and convenient.
　Clean energy revolution began with the start of this discovery.
　　　　　　Water changed to the fuel！

Techno Bank, by using "bitter-salt" (especially MgCl2) included in the seawater as accelerant, from fine powder of magnesium hydride (MgH2), developed the technology to generate a large amount of hydrogen. （March, 2005）

And the world's first fuel cell "DWFC" led to the development.
Compared to gasoline, the natural energy use that an fuel efficiency per the weight doubled was enabled.

　MgH2 is Great.
World's largest hydrogen production volume：15.3 wt%.
　　（*Features DWFC limited.）
No impact on the environment.
　　（No degradation of the earth）
　 New technology to make cheap electricity with a huge ocean energy.

　Ocean energy, is existence to be more than enough as renewable energy.

"On the deep sea, mooring and the electric transmission of the electric converter are impossible. Mass electricity storages are not possible even if transmit electricity. A storage of a large quantity of hydrogen is not possible even if transport hydrogen."

　We solved this difficult problem.

According to the working papers of NEDO, "On the shallow sea, wave power generation has been made in equipment and fixed mooring. On the deep sea, mooring and fixation are difficult.", is mentioned.
　＜A record of NEDO＞　

In other words it is not possible for the use of the electricity that converted on the large ocean in the technique conventionally.

The N-type Wave power generation device solved, "Production and a storage of hydrogen. And ocean transportation.", using renewable energy.
N-type Wave power generation device.
　　　　(Application: Wave force ship promotion technology. The positioning technology of the
　　　　artificial floating island.)
①：Because there is not a moving part in seawater, excellent durability.
②：Can respond to stationary or moving.
③：Avoid possible destruction from storm surge.
④：Balanced power generation is possible.
⑤：It becomes the power supply of the electrical propulsion ship.　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　N-type Wave power generation device

This enabling technology is in the control unit. Even while traveling can be generated electricity by the controller.
New technology of the wave use
The total amount of wave energy available, more than 500 times for the world's total electricity consumption. The energy density is the strongest, too.
It is necessary to endure a surge of 5-7m to get electricity on the ocean.
N-type Wave power generation device is to solve the problems of mega-float in the ocean, which enabled the deep sea business of mining and ocean farms.

 World most industrial countries participate in the mining business of rare earth elements of the deep sea. In that case,
only the megafloat method that adopted N-type Wave power generation device leads business to the success.
N-Megafloat power generation.

N-type Wave power generation device, even more than 5m waves, destruction of equipment can be controlled.
　 Three walls of deep-sea mining operations.
　　①：A mooring equipment is not usable. ＜Stationary position is difficult＞
　　②：There is not stable big power supply equipment. Expensive fuel is necessary.
　　　　＜It does not function as a factory＞
　　③：Direct ocean disposal of drilling mud that is impossible. ＜The extinction of the sea life＞
Current technology in the world.
The tower of the shoal has been boring for oil and natural gas. In this boring, and a wide ocean, it is not muddy in the mud.
When this mines a rare metal and rare earth elements of the deep sea, a floating factory is necessary. Because it has a lot of mud, mud waste treatment becomes required.
However, the business development of the deep sea dig is impossible in the present conditions technique. It cannot secure enormous energy required for mud waste treatment.
The electricity or hydrogen by this wave force becomes the extremely important element in the deep sea mining business.
Drilling mud is not discarded directly into the sea. It is cloudy and the sea with mud, is to kill the sea creatures.
We are using enough electricity or hydrogen to make building materials(blocks, sand) with hard baked mud disposal.
Also, it sunken to the seabed or riverbed, serves as a water purification material.
　Wave Shock Generation！
The skiing moves a stick by own power and advances. The wave power N-ship moves a stick by the power of the wave and advances.

Wave power N-ship, established world common sense anew.
The wave force ＋ bitter-salt（MgCl2） takes the energy of the next generation.

＜Power output per unit area＞
　　 Wind power generation　　 ×　20 times！
　　 Solar power generation　　× 150 times！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Click here for the presentation


[Pacific rim energy design.]　　(For economic equalization of the Pacific rim.)
Pacific Ocean is 51% (165,250,000 km2) of the total area of the sea. In addition, unused energy waves of the Pacific Ocean, there is about 60% of the entire ocean.
If power generation is 10% of the area of the Pacific Ocean. [340 billion kW / 16,000,000km2]
Incidentally, the world's total power consumption is 1,200 million kW.

Wave power N-ship is a moving factory.
Wave power N-ship, which produces the following resources in sailing. Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Ammonia, Methane-based Fuel, Deep-ocean water, Salt, Chlorine, Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Bromine, Lithium.

For example, in the case of approximately 8,400km between Tokyo and San Francisco. The movement factory does a 38-day voyage at an average of 5 knots. Sell the product to the country of the port where arrived at. Furthermore, depart for the next country and continue producing it.
About business characteristics, anyone understands the thing that is very superior to the conventional system. It does not have fuel and "cost & time" about the transportation.

In addition, the use of the submarine cable is possible, too. Can send electricity from the outside of the harbor for 24 hours. In this case, answer the purpose by ＜Wave power N-ship / N-raft＞ to satisfy the electricity demand of the whole world of 15 trillion kWh.

The advantage does not have an obstacle of the shipping and fishing. The position control for a flexible, eliminating the need for rope or chain.
The profitability of the business becomes the high profit to have transportation, material production, electricity production.
We have developed "Multi-purpose molten salt/ electrolysis" to the vessels are equipped with wave power N-ship. Technology is based in 1980. Increased induction of incorporating a plate, and the miniaturization technology.

The wave power N-ship can do the production of the ammonia (NH3) with air as materials while going on a voyage. The production of the ammonia is cheap electricity by the wave power and nitrogen included in the air. In addition, efficient plant operations as well by moving.

The carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air is 0.04% contained. Material to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the methane-based fuel (CnH(2n+2)) can be produced easily.

New technology to safely carry ammonia.
　 Hydrogen-Agent "Mg(NH3)6Cl2" ＝ Bitter-salt ＋ Ammonia ＝ Safety Technology
　＜Process＞

Bitter-salt, in order to absorb ammonia, poison does not occurrence. The containers can be transported safely in the level of consumer goods. There is no need of having to compress or heating and cooling. This technique is an important point to the next-generation energy use.
The ammonia is the material which is essential for industry.
The three elements of the manure are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Plants can not uptake of nitrogen gas state. Therefore, is necessary to do immobilized of nitrogen. (Hydrogen ＋ Nitrogen ＝ Ammonia ➣ Nitrogenous fertilizer)

In addition, the content of the hydrogen (H2) is reviewed as clean fuel by 17.8wt%. Clean the grounds, if the use of hydrogen is only to produce nitrogen and water.
By the way, the content of the hydrogen is alcohol 12.6wt%, natural gas 25wt％.

Going forward, the reality is that depletion of fossil fuels. When the hydrogen source, it will certainly depend on wave power. Sum of ammonia and hydrogen energy market, comparable to current oil and gas markets.
Air and wave force and bitter-salt contribute to the next-generation energy use.
Concept, right click the icon

　[ Ammonia and the expanding global market problems ]

Ammonia, by natural gas producing countries, now 150,000,000 tons / year production has. Hydrogen is the raw material, obtained by decomposition of natural gas. Transportation will be transported by tanker dedicated refrigeration equipment. The main market is the breakdown of ammonia, 80% fertilizer, plastics, textiles and 20% are. In particular, as an nitrogenous ingredient in fertilizer, because there is no alternative, is important.

For renewable energy use, ammonia is active. (Currently, ammonia is not consumed as fuel.) The ammonia takes an important role as means of the storage / transportation of the hydrogen.
The practical use of the system of solid oxide form fuel cell "SOFC" which made ammonia direct fuel has already unfolded.

Going forward, toward the era of food shortages, to expand markets and increase the amount of ammonia in agricultural production.

The problem of the drying up of the natural gas surfaces sometime soon.
The ammonia production using an ocean energy is advantageous in that it can solve agriculture and a problem of the energy.

Can supply enough power consumed by the world's total. Ammonia production of the age, 15,000,000,000 tons / year is expected.
Of these, 95% used for energy.

Prices start at the beginning of February 2011, $ 465-500/tonne CFR. (The thing which was made from natural gas. Cost and freight.)

　"NH3 is the only realistic energy solution that makes sense" ＜Source： Iowa Energy Center＞

　"Promoting the transition to NH3 as a sustainable, carbon-free fuel"　＜Source：AFN＞
　 "Wave sleep is more than 500 times the total power consumption of the world."
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Wave equation is here.
The ocean wave power generation that plural wavelengths are mixed, quantity of power generation increases, by consecutive waves.
＜Quantity of electric conversion of the natural energy＞
＜Amortization image of power generation facilities＞
The amortization period for each 1kW of power systems. Confirmation, 1yen/1kWh amortization is when appropriated. Capital cost of the system, as the values normal.

　 Amortization period ＝ Capital costs ÷ (Annual total power generation × 1yen/kWh)

Solar cells system, and a 10 year amortization period, the switch to electricity rate is 21 yen/kWh.
Wave power N-ship, and a 10 year amortization period, the switch to electricity rate is 2 yen/kWh.
Did you notice the amortization period of the solar cells system unusual? There is this cause in the average daylight hours and a low energy density. The daylight hours are usually four hours. It is six hours in the desert. (As for the other systems, that's all for 24 hours.)
In addition, construction cost becomes more than ground 3 times when generate electricity about the wind power generation systems on the ocean.
Therefore, the electricity rate with a solar cells system and the wind power generation system on the ocean, becomes the price that the use has difficult.

The world is twirling the news of a nuclear power plant decommissioning. As an alternative power generation, solar cells are emerging.
Install a solar panel in the individual roofs, and it does not have a problem that an individual uses electricity. However, solar panels lining laid limited forest and farmland, are mistaken.

Resources to foster plant photosynthesis, because it's the only sunlight.
The times of the lack of desertification and food of the earth came. At first it is necessary to give priority to food production. It is important that use the blessing of the light of the sun effectively.
The world,
has begun to finally challenge the strongest natural energy. However ･･･

①：Has been proposed by way of the mooring rope or chain. This approach to heavy
　　 abrasion, cutting the lead to a short period.
②：The accident of the marine transportation is worried about. In the case of the tsunami of
　　 the stormy high waves and earthquake, damage increase to the land.
③：On the deep sea, mooring and the power transmission are difficult. Therefore, the
　　 adoption area is limited.
　 ＜The area in case of Japan clicks here＞

The shallow marine electrical generator which crowd off the coast. (The source is a public document.)
From the left：Wind-generated electricity system. Generation system of buoy-type. Pipe-type power generation system consolidation.


Britain pioneered the use of wave power.："Wave Hub plan" in the commercial dimension.
Wave force conversion equipment was installed directly on the surface of
　 the sea： "Wave Treader" was released. 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 News & Animation, click here

City of the future which floats in the Pacific of Japan. ： "Design of the
　 industry-university co-operation combination to be realized in 2025" Float position
　 control are required.　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 　 News & Animation, click here
News ： "Wave-power ships could bring cheaper clean electricity. (Even as for the
　 transportation system of a high-cost battery.)"　　News & Animation, click here.
　≪Boston University≫　　≪Fraunhofer CMI≫

　In wave power N-ship by N-type Wave power generation device, does not wait for a wave to come.
　By driving, caught the wave to a lot of power efficiency.
This enabling technology is in the control unit. When sailing, by a control unit, works with high waves of periods less than one second. In addition, destruction evasion is possible from the high waves.

For example, for fishing ship, the effect is easy to understand. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(Accumulate electricity during the operation, and commute.)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　click here.　

 Benefits of small vessels. (Fishing boats / Pleasure boats.)
① N-type Wave power generation device can be retrofitted to existing vessels.
② When a ship wavering by a low wave less than 1m, receive the energy of waves more than the
　　height of the wave and can convert it into electricity.
③ Even while traveling can be generated electricity by the controller. Even if the lack of capacity of
　　the battery, can return to the harbor.
④ Even if can not be fishing in storm, electricity generates in a port for 24 hours, and can be sold.
⑤ By pleasure boat of the long-term anchorage, battery always becomes 100% of charge.
　　In the case of engine failure at night, the electricity is usable enough.
　　(In particular, the fishing boats refrigeration equipment, pleasure boats waiting for rescue.)
⑥ The design in the ship is freedom.
⑦ Reduction of the CO2 is possible.
⑧ There is not the pollution of the sea.
The income during rest fishing of "The fishing boat of the electrical propulsion.", it is the
400,000 yen / year.

About an income during the rest fishing of When this fishing boat is equipped with " N-type Wave power generation device" of 3kW and sells electricity for *31 yen/kWh.
　(*Reference example： Scotland, Ireland, Portugal's average purchase price.)
This is sales of 3 times really in comparison with a general domestic solar power system (3kW).

This difference is due to the difference in average generation time.
　　Solar power system　　　　　　　　　　　　1kW×3.8h×365day ＝ 1,380kWh/year　
　　N-type Wave power generation device 1kW×24h×365day ＝ 8,760kWh/year
The merit of the big ship. (A trimaran. )
　　[Photos：High-speed ferry (This ship is not a wave power ship.) ／Austal ship]　　　　　　　　　　　　[An ideal trimaran.]
① Because the ship does not affect the wave pattern of both sides, N-type Wave power generation
　　device can function.
② Even if it is high waves, stable sailing is possible.
③ Even while traveling can be generated electricity by the controller. Even if the lack of capacity of
　　the battery, can return to the harbor.
④ The design in the ship is freedom.
⑤ Reduction of the CO2 is possible.
⑥ There is not the pollution of the sea.

"Can buy the ship for 7-year fuel charges."
　 The total cost for the power generation of electric propulsion ship 10 years to realize savings of
　 more than 60%.　＜Test calculation is P3＞

 Came a new Age of Discovery. Ocean resources / energy are filled for mankind.

　Wave power distribution in the world, click here.
　[Duckers,L.:Renewable Energy, Boyle,G.ed.,P.325,Oxford University Press,1996]
　

　 The times of the clean power generation came
　　over！
The clean generation is a renewable energy power generation. Alternatively, a fuel made from renewable energy is that produce the power without pollution. The ultimate fuel is hydrogen.
A problem of the hydrogen use was settled by establishing a process of the recycling of the magnesium. Magnesium hydride (MgH2/kg) energy (33MJ) exceeds the coal.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Magcycle Project does not incur the cost of fuel cells use hydrogen gas.
Hydrogen gas is a by-product. Because it is the process when generation recycles magnesium alloy.
In this process, even in the case of a destructive accident, it is safe.

On the other hand, the present conditions of the world hydrogen energy use technology are troubled with the storage / transportation of the hydrogen. To that end, has been expanded to develop hydrogen storage technologies*. Hydrogen gas is not a by-product. So, the price of hydrogen gas is higher than the current fuel prices.
In addition, many technologies there is high risk and high cost issues.
　*＜The world technical present conditions are here＞
Clean power storage / transport. Power reproduction.
This ability "MgH2".　

　　　　
　 Hydrogen generation ratio（wt％） ＝ Generation hydrogen weight ÷ Gross weight（H2O + MgＨ２） × 100

Technology

Generation method

Generation ratio

Conventional technology

Water prepares particularly. Hydrolysis in MgH2

６．０wt％

ＤＷＦＣ

Fuel cell is used to generate water. Hydrolysis in MgH2

*１５．３wt％
Fluctuations in power source. (Automotive 600km when driving)

　Volume of container

Weight when arriving

Weight when starting

Power source

５０ L

２９４ ｋｇ

３００ ｋｇ

 Hydrogen absorption alloy

１８０ L

１１０ ｋｇ

１１６ ｋｇ

Hydrogen pressure tank (350 kg/cm2)

１２０ L

１００ ｋｇ

１６０ ｋｇ

Magnesium （Mg＋H2O）

３０ L

４０ ｋｇ

４０ ｋｇ

Magnesium hydride （MgH2＋H2O）

１1０ L

０ ｋｇ

８０ ｋｇ

Gasoline　　 259kg/CO2

*Lithium-ion batteries：　600km to run, the weight of 900kg or more batteries. In the case of a battery car, electricity is the 30% addition by need for the use of the air-conditioner (Heating in particular) more. Because it is not realistic, it is omitted.
＜Comparison of production costs / 600km run＞
Magnesium hydride (MgH2)
Gasoline
 ➣ 　320 yen ＝　 8 yen/kg × 40 kg (Hydride hydrogen cost)
➣ 4,640 yen ＝ 58 yen/kg × 80 kg (Situation in Japan / June 2009.)
　６００ｋｍ　 　259kg/CO2 No！
259kg/CO2 ＝Stem thickness of 50cm (Broad-leaved evergreen / One tree), Absorption of one year.
　 Large clean energy [Hydrogen / Electricity] of the [Storage / Transportation / Reproduce energy] has achieved, a new technology using magnesium.
Clean process. （Development of new technologies：a. b. d. e. f.）

a. Recycling and hydrogenation of the magnesium. Using a natural energy, it is smelting and
　 production of MgH2. (New hydrogenation device.)
b. Hydrogen and magnesium offer. Fuel of the generation and the materials of the lightweight
　 alloy.
c. The collection of the lightweight alloy scrap. ⇒ Existing general distribution.
d. Pulverization, hydrogenation. New hydrogenation device.　
e. Of the cassette. Hydrogen generation control.
f. To provide hydrogen. Fuel cells, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, gas burner,
　 semiconductor manufacturing equipment and more. 　
g. Provision of magnesium hydroxide. ⇒ Industrial raw material, soil improvement seawater materials, fertilizer,
　 heat storage material, or recycling.
Magnesium hydride(MgH2), the first use is to achieve efficient industrial use.
Extract hydrogen(H2=7wt%/Mg) from magnesium hydride(MgH2), used for power generation. Then, magnesium(Mg), magnesium alloy manufacturing.
The magnesium extracts it from seawater in this way and uses it many times. On this account the magnesium does not dry up. And production cost is the metal which is low cost most.
Furthermore, by the next generation, it is metal becoming essential to life and industry. Magnesium alloy, the excellent new material. Iron, aluminum and plastic substitute. (Alternative markets, and about 300 million tons / year.)
　 Transportation comparison with the next generation energy
(Heat of combustion of MgH2, DWFC a case. Methanol and methane, heat of combustion of carbon is omitted.)
＜Necessity of the circulation use that is multistage.＞
(1) In global environment maintenance, the earth does not deteriorate.
(2) There is low cost to each market by circulating directly.
(3) The conventional alloy scrap wood recycles it directly. It is necessary the difficult problem
　　divides impurities (Ni, Cu, Cr, etc.) obstructing corrosion resistance, and to remove it. By the
　　circulation use that is multistage, these impurities do not get mixed.

Grinding/Ｍｇ (200μm)

 Hydride/ＭｇＨ２ (100μm)
　　
Hydrotreating unit
　 New fuel cell system technology　Ⅰ.
DWFC technology

Compared to gasoline, the natural energy use that an fuel efficiency per the weight doubled was enabled.
(The present fuel including the gasoline is unable to re-fuel after combustion products.)

（April 2006. Fuel cells April issue 126. ・Fuel Cell Information Center.）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　＜Article on here＞

Stationary type power source: Building facilities, homes,
　 leisure equipment, emergency power supplies, etc.
Portable type power source: Airplanes, airships, helicopters,
　 submarines, ships, automobiles, motorcycles, wheelchairs, bicycles,
　 mobile charger, etc.

　　 Principle of Direct Water Fuel Cell (DWFC)

The figure under the new fuel cell DWFC (Direct Water Fuel Cell) shows how to generate water. Cassette inside source of hydrogen filling (MgH2). The new fuel cell, and cell consists of a combination cassette. The new fuel cell, hydrogen and air to create by water. Fuel and water are made.
MgH2 generates hydrogen by hydrolysis. Discharge hydrogen breathing at the same time. The fuel cell generates electricity by hydrogen and air. In this case, in comparison with the quantity of water that is necessary for hydrolysis, about 2 times water is made.
Therefore, Water does not need to prepare.

Only air supply. The plane will fly, cars are run.
The next generation of energy needs to be environmentally friendly and renewable
as well as safe and convenient.
　　　　　　　　　
　 New fuel cell system technology　Ⅱ.
Use technology of Hydrogen-Agent "Mg(NH3)6Cl2"
Hydrogen-Agent is the era of fossil fuel depletion, and the savior of the car.

　 Hydrogen-Agent "Mg(NH3)6Cl2" ＝ Bitter-salt ＋ Ammonia ＝ Safety Technology

Hydrogen-Agent is metal ammine complexes. Can using hydrogen of 9.1wt % by the weight ratio.
In addition, a large quantity of ammonia has difficulty in transportation and long-term preservation. The storage means using Bitter-salt realizes this by packing with the life material easily. (Ammonia can be fixed and can prevent the damage of poison.)
Mg(NH3)6Cl2, MgH2 was developed in 2005 alongside.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) target of hydrogen storage capacity, 6.5wt%. Hydrogen-Agent , we solve this problem. Hydrogen cars, Hydrogen-Agent is equipped with about 66kg to 600km run.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Click here for the presentation

Ammonia (NH3) is reacted with to produce Hydrogen-Agent, and then filled into the cassette. Using hydrogen, waste heat and heat the cassette. The cassettes will be recycled.
Keywords Featuring a low-cost, safe, clean, and recycle. This is realized by an offer of low-cost ammonia. The production of the ammonia is cheap electricity by the wave power and nitrogen included in the air.
Stationary type power source: Building facilities, homes, leisure equipment, emergency power supplies, etc.
Portable type power source: Airplanes, airships, helicopters, submarines, ships, automobiles, motorcycles, wheelchairs, bicycles, mobile charger, etc.
　 New technology of "Next Generation MgH2－Air battery"
[MgH2 - Electricity conversion]The new technology of the high
　　　 efficiency 　(Highest in the world)
MgH2 magnesium battery is used, the characteristics that are superior compared to other battery. It is world champion.
In addition, to a champion, a stronger fair wind blew. It is an appearance of PEFC which it does not use platinum for.
　＜Tokyo Institute of Technology / Carbon alloy catalyst＞

[ Next Generation MgH2－Air battery ]
To anode（－）, "Hydrogen (MgH2)" is used. It is a new fuel cell to use air for in an cathode（＋）. "Source of Hydrogen (MgH2)/kg," the amount of energy is 9.1 kWh. From this energy, electric conversion more than 4.5kWh is possible.
(For example, thermal power generation by fuel A-oil /kg is electric conversion of 3.8kWh from energy, of 12.7kWh. ）
The power density of ＜1200W/kg.
This is a lithium ion battery ( ＜500W/kg) twice.
Control of hydrogen occurrence

Occurrence of gaseous hydrogen: Cathode receives an electron going by way of a Mg ion and load given off from anode. ➣Electric current flows to load.(Anode is a strong oxidizing interface.) ➣The surface of the active material is shaved with the ionization of Mg. ➣When it reaches to the saturation limits with the Mg ion, With hydrolysis during Mg crystallizing two of the hydrogen atoms which have become fixed connects. ➣The gaseous hydrogen occurs. ➣The fuel cell consumes the gaseous hydrogen.

Control of gaseous hydrogen: Raising the value of resistance of load, it reduces current value. ➣Mg ionization of the active material goes down.(Anode oxidation of the interface is weak.) ➣Shaving the Mg surface stops and also the reaction of hydrolysis goes down. ➣Occurrence of the gaseous hydrogen goes down
　　　　　　[Control experiment of load current and hydrogen occurrence]
　　　　　　<Electric generation and hydrogen
　　　　　occurrence the most significant state>
 　　　<State of OFF>

Fig

Constitution

State

Fｉｇ1

Cathode: Copper wire of meandering condition.　Electrolyte: Paper.　     Anode: Mg. 

Putting the paper between the anode and cathode, between the both poles shorting with the copper wire, forming the cell. (No state electrolyte.)

Fｉｇ2

Electrolyte: MgCl2 (5%), Load 0 Ω

Maximum electromotive time.
Mg decrease quantity of thickness: - 60 μ m/h.

Fｉｇ2-1

Anode side.        Enlargement photograph.

The gaseous hydrogen of fog condition has gushed from the opening of electrolyte and anode.
With MgH2, furthermore it gushes extremely.

Fｉｇ3

Electrolyte: MgCl2 (5%)     Cathode side.

The gaseous hydrogen of fog condition discharges from the opening of the copper wire.

Fｉｇ4

Electrolyte: MgCl2 (5%)

At the time of self discharge.
Mg decrease quantity of thickness: - 0.08 μ m/h

Fｉｇ4-1

Mg single unit.        Enlargement photograph.

There is no rise of the gaseous hydrogen.
(Those which 1 hours are left)

"King of quiet generator", Magnesium battery！
The battery of the next generation is monopoly of the magnesium
Magnesium, atomic weight 24.3, Specific gravity 1.74, The weight of a mole. 24.3g.
Faraday constant F = 9.65 × 10 Biquadratic C / mol as.
Eectric charge per 1g
　9.65 × 10 Biquadratic × 2 (Electric charges) ÷ 24.3 ≒ 7880 Coulomb
　7880 Coulomb ÷ 1 hour (3600 sec) = 2190 mAh
　2190 mAh × Specific gravity 1.74 = 3.8 Ah / g
On the other hand, lithium 3.86 Ah / g. As for both, the magnesium and the lithium, ability is about the same.

The battery of the next generation becomes the monopoly of the magnesium.
The reason, first, the magnesium is 2 an electric charges. Magnesium, it is inexpensive. There not being the drying up of resources.
Furthermore, quantity of generation doubles when using MgH2. Hydrogen adhering to magnesium is caused by this. For increase is quantity of generation by the hydrogen.　(Highest in the world)
If the secondary battery are an absolute advantage in safety. (Next generation magnesium rechargeable battery：A domain to show in the dashed line of the graph.)
It is also superior compared to the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Hydrogen fuel storage / supply device is not required.
Cassette field of gel system

Portable type power source:
Portabletelephone, digital camera and personalcomputer etc. 		Cassette field of filter system

Stationary type power source:
Building facilities, homes, leisure equipment, emergency power supplies, battery chargers, etc.
Portable type power source:
Airplanes, airships, helicopters, submarines, ships, automobiles, motorcycles, wheelchairs, bicycles, etc.
Siphon system　
（Good point ： Automatic control of hydrogen outbreak ）

Hydrogen supply:
Diesel engines, turbine engines, semiconductor production device, heat treatment device, hydrogen burner and hydrogen station etc.
Stationary type power source:
Factory, Building institution, Home, Recreation machinery, An emergency power supply, Power source for nighttime construction, Generation of electricity vehicle of portable type, etc.		 　　
*Being automatic, it controls hydrogen occurrence. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Model siphon system
Because of this handling is simple.
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